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general description deepcover ? embedded security solutions cloak sensitive data under multiple layers of advanced physical security to provide the most secure key storage possible. the deepcover secure authenticator (MAX66240) is a transponder ic that combines an iso/iec 15693 and iso 18000-3 mode 1-compatible rf front-end, a fips 180- based sha-256 engine, and 4096 bits of user eeprom in a single chip. a bidirectional security model enforces two-way authentication between a host system and the MAX66240. each device has its own guaranteed unique 64-bit rom id that is factory programmed into the chip. this rom id is used as a fundamental input parameter for cryptographic operations and serves as an electronic serial number within the application. features and benefts dedicated hardware-accelerated sha engine strong authentication with a high bit count user- programmable secret and input challenge 4096 bits of user eeprom with user-programmable r/w protection options including otp/eprom emulation mode unique factory-programmed 64-bit identification number iso/iec 15693: up to 26kbps 2kv hbm esd protection for all pins applications access control asset tracking printer cartridge confguration and monitoring medical sensor authentication and calibration system intellectual property protection ordering information appears at end of data sheet. deepcover is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. for related parts and recommended products to use with this part, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/MAX66240.related . 13 . 56 mhz reader transmitter receiver tx _ out rx _ in magnetic coupling antenna max 66240 switched load ic load 219-0042; rev 0; 3/14 typical application circuit MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom abridged data sheet
voltage range on any pin relative to gnd ........ -0.5v to +4.0v maximum rms current, ac1 to ac2 ................................. 30ma maximum incident magnetic field strength (iso/iec 7810-compliant antenna) ................... 141.6dba/m operating temperature range ........................... -20c to +85c junction temperature ...................................................... +150c storage temperature range ............................ -55c to +125c lead temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................. +300c soldering temperature (reflow) ....................................... +260c so junction-to-ambient thermal resistance ( ja ) ......... 136c/w junction-to-case thermal resistance ( jc ) ............... 38c/w tdfn junction-to-ambient thermal resistance ( ja ) ........... 60c/w junction-to-case thermal resistance ( jc ) ............... 30c/w (t a = -20c to +85c, unless otherwise noted.) (note 2) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units sha-256 engine computation time t csha (note 3) 2 ms eeprom programming time for a 32-bit page block or protection t prog (note 4) 10 ms write/erase cycling endurance n cy t a = +85c (notes 5, 6) 100k data retention t dr t a = +85c (notes 7, 8, 9) 10 years rf port carrier frequency f c (note 10) 13.553 13.560 13.567 mhz internal tuning cap c tun f = 13.56mhz (note 11) 27.5 pf operating field h iso (note 10) 150 5000 ma/m activation field strength h min_10 t a = +25c, 10% modulation (notes 11, 12) 94 dba/m h min_30 t a = +25c, 30% modulation (notes 11, 12) 104 h min_100 t a = +25c, 100% modulation (notes 11, 12) 103.5 write/sha field strength h wr t a = +25c (notes 11, 12, 13) 113 dba/m rf access in progress time t rfaip 1.1 ms 10% carrier modulation index mi = (a - b)/(a + b) cmi_10 (notes 10, 11) 10 30 % 100% carrier modulation index mi = (a - b)/(a + b) cmi_100 (notes 10, 11) 95 100 % 10% modulation min pulse width t 1 min refer to iso 15693-2 section 7.1 (notes 11, 14) 7.0 s maxim integrated 2 note 1: package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in jedec specification jesd51-7, using a four-layer board. for detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial . absolute maximum ratings stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. exposure to ab solute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. (note 1) package thermal characteristics electrical characteristics MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
(t a = -20c to +85c, unless otherwise noted.) (note 2) note 2: limits are 100% production tested at t a = +25c or t a = +85c. limits over the operating temperature range and relevant supply voltage range are guaranteed by design and characterization. typical values are at +25c. note 3: for commands where the t csha interval occurs see the applicable communication examples sections. for rf commands, the interval begins after the eof of a valid request frame. the interval ends once the devices self-timed sha-256 compu - tation cycle is complete. note 4: for commands where the t prog interval occurs see the applicable communication examples sections. for rf commands, the interval begins after the eof of a valid request frame. the interval ends once the devices self-timed eeprom write cycle is complete. note 5: write-cycle endurance is tested in compliance with jesd47g. note 6: not 100% production tested; guaranteed by reliability qualification. note 7: data retention is tested in compliance with jesd47g. note 8: guaranteed by 100% production test at elevated temperature for a shorter time; equivalence of this production test to the data sheet limit at operating temperature range is established by reliability testing. note 9: eeprom writes can become nonfunctional after the data-retention time is exceeded. long-term storage at elevated tem - peratures is not recommended. note 10: system requirement. note 11: guaranteed by design and/or characterization only. not production tested. note 12: characterized in accordance with iso/iec 10373-7. note 13: applies to read/write scratchpad (writing), write memory, compute and read page mac, set protection, authenticated write memory rf setup, authenticated write memory rf execute, authenticated set protection rf setup, and authenticated set protection rf execute commands. note 14: field strength between 350ma/m and 3a/m. note 15: field strength between 350ma/m and 5a/m. parameter symbol conditions min typ max units 10% modulation max pulse width t 1 max refer to iso 15693-2 section 7.1 (note 11) 9.44 s 10% modulation min low time t 2 min refer to iso 15693-2 section 7.1 (notes 11, 14) 7.0 s 10% modulation max low time t 2 max refer to iso 15693-2 section 7.1 (note 11) 9.44 s 10% modulation min rise time t 3 min refer to iso 15693-2 section 7.1 (note 11) 0 s 10% modulation max rise time t 3 max refer to iso 15693-2 section 7.1 (notes 11, 14) 2.5 s 100% modulation min pulse width t 1 min refer to iso 15693-2 section 7.1 (notes 11, 15) 6.5 s 100% modulation min pulse width t 1 max refer to iso 15693-2 section 7.1 (note 11) 9.44 s 100% modulation max pulse width t 2 min refer to iso 15693-2 section 7.1 (notes 11, 15) 6.5 s 100% modulation max low time t 2 max refer to iso 15693-2 section 7.1 (note 11) 9.44 s 100% modulation min rise time t 3 min refer to iso 15693-2 section 7.1 (note 11) 0 s 100% modulation max rise time t 3 max refer to iso 15693-2 section 7.1 (notes 11, 15) 3.0 s maxim integrated 3 electrical characteristics (continued) MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
pin name function so tdfn 1, 4C8 1, 3, 5C10 d.n.c. do not connect 2 2 ac2 antenna connection 3 4 ac1 antenna connection tdfn top view d . n . c . 8 7 ac 2 ac 1 d . n . c . so 6 5 max 66240 1 2 3 4 + d . n . c . d . n . c . d . n . c . d . n . c . + 10 d . n . c . 9 d . n . c . 8 d.n.c. 7 d.n.c. 6 d.n.c. d.n.c. 5 ac1 4 d.n.c. 3 ac2 2 d.n.c. 1 MAX66240 maxim integrated 4 pin descriptions pin confgurations MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
detailed description the MAX66240 transponder combines an iso 15693 rf front-end, a sha-256 engine, 4096 bits of user eeprom organized as 16 256-bit pages, protection control, status memory, and a 64-bit rom id in a single chip. a 256-bit scratchpad assists when installing a new secret or stores the challenge when computing a page mac. it is common for a secure authentication ic to be attacked using a variety of sophisticated die-level methods to extract secure data, reverse device settings, etc., in an effort to compromise a system security implementation. to provide the highest affordable protection against this inevitable malicious attack, the MAX66240 employs pro - prietary die-level physical techniques, circuits, and crypto methods to protect sensitive data, control signals, and control settings. there are multiple programmable options for the 4kb user array including unrestricted read/write and four protection modes: read protection, write protection, eprom emula - tion mode, and authentication protection. read protection prevents user read-access to the memory, which effec - tively extends the secret into the protected memory. the data remains accessible only for the sha-256 engine. write protection prevents changes to the memory data. eprom emulation mode logically ands memory data with incoming new data, which allows changing bits from 1 to 0, but not vice versa. by changing one bit at a time, this mode could be used to create a nonvolatile, nonreset - table counter. eprom emulation mode requires that the memory is not write protected. authentication protection, if activated, requires that the host prove itself as authentic (i.e., knows the MAX66240 secret) to modify the memory by supplying a correct mac that is based on the device secret, its rom id, memory data, and the new data to be copied to eeprom. if the authentication hurdle is passed, the write protection and eprom emulation mode protections still determine the effect of the write access. any protection, if activated, applies to individual memory pages. as a factory default, none of the protections is activated. once authentication protection is activated, the reader must authenticate itself for memory writes as well as for additional changes to the memory protection. in addition to its important use as a unique data value in cryptographic sha-256 computations, the devices 64-bit rom id can be used to electronically identify the object to which the MAX66240 is associated. applications of the MAX66240 include, access control, asset tracking, printer cartridge configuration and monitoring, medical sensor authentication and calibration, and system intellectual property protection. overview the block diagram in figure 1 shows the relationships between the major control and memory sections of the MAX66240. figure 2 shows the applicable commands and the affected data fields. the network function commands allow the reader to identify all transponders in its range and to change their state, e.g., to select one for further communication. the protocol required for these network function commands is described in the network function commands section. the memory and control functions fall into five categories: iso 15693 generic commands, secret installation, memory access, protection setting, and mac computation. the protocol for these com - mands is described in the memory and control function commands section. all data is read and written least significant bit (lsb) first, starting with the least significant byte (lsb). maxim integrated 5 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
figure 1. block diagram iso 15693 protocol sha - 256 engine device function control memory management max 66240 voltage regulator rf front end 64 bit uid 64 bit uid rom id scratchpad secret 4 kbit eeprom array ac 2 ac 1 data f c mod maxim integrated 6 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
figure 2. commands overview network function commands command type : available commands : inventory stay quiet select reset to ready data field affected : uid , afi , dsfid uid uid ( n / a ) get system information write memory read memory read single block read multiple blocks set protection read status read / write scratchpad load and lock secret compute and lock secret compute and read page mac authenticated write memory rf setup authenticated write memory rf execute authenticated set protection rf setup authenticated set protection rf execute get 1 - wire rom id write afi lock afi write dsfid lock dsfid uid , afi , dsfid , constants mfgcode , user memory , protection settings mfgcode , user memory , protection settings selected memory block , protection settings selected memory blocks , protection settings mfgcode , protection settings mfgcode , protection settings , personality bytes mfgcode , scratchpad mfgcode , secret and lock status , scratchpad mfgcode , secret and lock status , user memory , scratchpad , protection setting mfgcode , secret , rom id , user memory , scratchpad mfgcode , user memory , page block number , secret , protection settings mfgcode , user memory mfgcode , memory page number , secret , protection settings mfgcode , protection settings mfgcode , rom id afi byte afi lock status dsfid byte dsfid lock status memory and control function commands maxim integrated 7 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
parasite power the MAX66240 receives all energy necessary for its operation from the surrounding rf field, which needs to have a minimum strength as specified in the electrical characteristics table. unique identifcation number (uid) each MAX66240 contains a factory-programmed and locked identification number that is 64 bits long ( figure 3 ). the lower 28 bits are the serial number of the chip. the upper 36 bits are fixed at e02b00800h. the code in bit locations 49 to 56 identifies the chip manufacturer, accord - ing to iso/iec 7816-6/am1. this code is 2bh for maxim. the uid is read accessible through the inventory and get system information commands. rom id the read-only rom id is similar to the uid ( figure 4 ). the first 8 bits are a family code, which is e0h. the next 28 bits are a unique serial number. the next 20 bits are fixed at 2b000h. the last 8 bits are a cyclic redundancy check (crc) of the first 56 bits. the crc is generated using the polynomial x 8 + x 5 + x 4 + 1 ( figure 5 ). additional infor - mation about this crc is available in application note 27: understanding and using cyclic redundancy checks with maxim ibutton ? products . the rom id is part of the input data to the sha-256 engine. it is read accessible through the command get 1-wire rom id. ibutton is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. figure 3. 64-bit uid figure 4. 64-bit rom id figure 5. 8-bit crc for the rom id msb lsb 64 57 48 45 56 49 44 37 36 29 28 1 e 0 h 0 h 2 bh 04 h 00 h serial number msb msb lsb 8-bit crc code 2bh 0h 00h 28-bit serial number 8-bit family code (e0h) msb lsb lsb msb lsb polynomial = x 8 + x 5 + x 4 + 1 msb 1st stage 2nd stage 3rd stage 4th stage x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 5th stage 6th stage 7th stage 8th stage x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 lsb input data maxim integrated 8 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
memory resources the memory of the MAX66240 consists of user eeprom, secret memory, an sram scratchpad, per - sonality registers, rom id, and two iso 15693-specific bytes. table 1 shows the size, access mode, and purpose of the various memory areas. brackets around an access mode indicate possible restrictions, such as write protec - tion or read protection. the user memory is organized as 16 pages of 32 bytes each ( figure 6 ). a page is divided into 8 page blocks of 32 bits each. with the MAX66240, the page protection applies to individual memory pages. the user memory is written in page blocks. if not read protected, the memory can be read starting at any page block of any page. the protocol allows reading multiple page blocks and pages up to the end of the memory in a single read command flow. the secret is either directly written (loaded) or computed. this write access always encompasses the entire 32-byte secret. to protect against transmission errors, the new secret (loading) or a partial secret (computing) is first written to the scratchpad from where it can be read for verification. as the name implies, the secret memory is not user readable. to protect a secret from changes, it must be write protected (locked). page protection control is activated through the write page protection command. besides write protection, read protection and eprom emulation mode, the MAX66240 supports authentication protection. if authentication pro - tection is activated, changes to the page protection set - tings as well as writing to the protected user memory require that the reader provide a valid mac for the opera - tion. once a protection is activated, it cannot be reversed. the protection settings as well as the personality registers are read accessible through the read status command. note that the iso 15693 standard commands read single block and read multiple blocks do not address the user memory by page number and page block number. instead, they use absolute block numbers counting from 0 to 127. figure 7 shows how these absolute numbers map to the user memory. table 1. memory resources name size (bytes) access mode purpose user memory (eeprom) 512 (read), (write), internal read application-specifc data storage; also used for mac computations. scratchpad (sram) 32 read, write, internal read intermediate data storage when installing a secret; also used to store the challenge for a mac computation. personality registers 4 read, internal read lock status indicator for the secret and read access to the devices manufacturer id (factory preprogrammed parts). rom id 8 read, internal read used for mac computations. application family identifer (afi) 1 read, (write) can be used during the inventory phase to narrow the number of transponders that participate in the discovery or anti-collision process. data storage format identifer (dsfid) 1 read, (write) user byte that can provide details on how the data in the user memory is structured. maxim integrated 9 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
figure 7. user memory access using absolute block numbers figure 6. user memory map pg. block 7 pg. block 6 pg. block 5 pg. block 4 pg. block 3 pg. block 2 pg. block 1 pg. block 0 b3 b2 b1 b0 b3 b2 b1 b0 b3 b2 b1 b0 b3 b2 b1 b0 b3 b2 b1 b0 b3 b2 b1 b0 b3 b2 b1 b0 b3 b2 b1 b0 page 0 page 1 page 2 page 3 page 4 page 5 page 6 page 7 page 8 page 9 page 10 page 11 page 12 page 13 page 14 page 15 pg. block 7 pg. block 6 pg. block 5 pg. block 4 pg. block 3 pg. block 2 pg. block 1 pg. block 0 page 0 block 7 block 6 block 5 block 4 block 3 block 2 block 1 block 0 page 1 block 15 block 14 block 13 block 12 block 11 block 10 block 9 block 8 page 2 block 23 block 22 block 21 block 20 block 19 block 18 block 17 block 16 page 3 block 31 block 30 block 29 block 28 block 27 block 26 block 25 block 24 page 4 block 39 block 38 block 37 block 36 block 35 block 34 block 33 block 32 page 5 block 47 block 46 block 45 block 44 block 43 block 42 block 41 block 40 page 6 block 55 block 54 block 53 block 52 block 51 block 50 block 49 block 48 page 7 block 63 block 62 block 61 block 60 block 59 block 58 block 57 block 56 page 8 block 71 block 70 block 69 block 68 block 67 block 66 block 65 block 64 page 9 block 79 block 78 block 77 block 76 block 75 block 74 block 73 block 72 page 10 block 87 block 86 block 85 block 84 block 83 block 82 block 81 block 80 page 11 block 95 block 94 block 93 block 92 block 91 block 90 block 89 block 88 page 12 block 103 block 102 block 101 block 100 block 99 block 98 block 97 block 96 page 13 block 111 block 110 block 109 block 108 block 107 block 106 block 105 block 104 page 14 block 119 block 118 block 117 block 116 block 115 block 114 block 113 block 112 page 15 block 127 block 126 block 125 block 124 block 123 block 122 block 121 block 120 maxim integrated 10 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
iso/iec 15693 interface the communication between an hf reader and MAX66240 (transponder) is a master-transponder type transaction, and is based on the exchange of data packets. the reader initiates every transaction; only one side (reader or transponder) transmits information at any time. each data packet begins with a start-of-frame (sof) pattern and ends with an end-of-frame (eof) pattern. a data packet delimited by an sof and an eof is called a frame ( figure 8 ). the last 2 bytes of an iso 15693 frame are an inverted 16-bit crc of the preceding data generated according to the crc-16-ccitt polynomial x16 + x12 + x5 + 1 ( figure 9 ). this crc is transmitted with the lsb first. for more details on the crc-16-ccitt, refer to iso 15693-3, annex c. frame information is modulated on a 13.56mhz carrier. the subsequent paragraphs are a concise description of the required modulation, coding, and basic timing. figure 8. iso/iec 15693 frame format figure 9. crc-16-ccitt generator sof 1 or more data bytes crc ( lsb ) crc ( msb ) eof time polynomial = x 16 + x 12 + x 5 + 1 9th stage 10th stage 11th stage 12th stage x 8 x 9 x 10 x 11 x 12 13th stage 14th stage 15th stage 16th stage x 13 x 14 x 15 lsb input data msb 1st stage 2nd stage 3rd stage 4th stage x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 6th stage 7th stage 8th stage x 5 x 6 x 7 5th stage x 4 x 16 maxim integrated 11 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
reader to transponder communication the communication from reader to transponder uses amplitude modulation ( figure 10 ); the modulation index can be either in the range of 10% to 30% or 100% (iso 15693-2, section 7.1). the standard defines two pulse- position data coding modes. the 1 out of 256 data coding mode transmits one 1 byte in 4.833ms, equivalent to a data rate of 1655bps ( figure 11 ). the location of a modulation pause during the 4.833ms conveys the value of the byte. the 1 out of 4 data coding mode transmits 2 bits in 75.52s, equivalent to a data rate of 26,484bps ( figure 12 ) . the location of a modulation pause during the 75.52s conveys the value of the 2 bits. a byte is transmitted as a concatenation of four 2-bit transmissions, with the least significant 2 bits of the byte being transmit - ted first. the transmission of the sof pattern also takes 75.52s. the sof pattern has two modulation pauses. the position of the second pause determines whether the frame uses the 1 out of 256 or 1 out of 4 data coding mode ( figure 13 and figure 14 , respectively). the trans - mission of the eof pattern takes 37.76s; the eof is the same for both coding modes and has one modulation pause ( figure 15 ). for full details, refer to iso 15693-2, sections 7 and 8. figure 10. reader to transponder modulation carrier amplitude t 1 t t 3 105 % a 95 % 60 % t 2 5 % b 100 % modulation carrier amplitude t a b t 3 t 1 y hr hf 10 % modulation t 2 y mi = ( a - b )/( a + b ) maxim integrated 12 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
figure 11. reader to transponder 1 out of 256 data coding figure 12. reader to transponder 1 out of 4 data coding (carrier not shown) pulse- modulated carrier 01234 .... .. 2 2 5 ....... . . ... . . .. 5 2 2 2 5 3 2 5 4 2 5 5 ..... ~ 9.44s ~ 18.88s ~ 4.833ms pulse position "00" pulse position "01" (1 = lsb) pulse position "10" (0 = lsb) pulse position "11" ~ 9.44s ~ 9.44s ~ 75.52s ~ 28.32s ~ 47.20s ~ 9.44s ~ 9.44s ~ 75.52s ~ 75.52s ~ 66.08s ~ 9.44s ~ 75.52s maxim integrated 13 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
figure 13. reader to transponder sof for 1 out of 256 data coding (carrier not shown) figure 14. reader to transponder sof for 1 out of 4 data coding (carrier not shown) figure 15. reader to transponder eof (identical for both coding modes, carrier not shown) ~ 9.44s ~ 9.44s ~ 37.76s ~ 37.76s ~ 9.44s ~ 37.76s ~ 37.76s ~ 9.44s ~ 9.44s ~ 9.44s ~ 37.76s ~ 9.44s maxim integrated 14 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
transponder to reader communication the subcarrier_flag bit in the request data frame specifies the use of one or two subcarrier in the response frame. for the one subcarrier case, the subcarrier frequency is 423.75khz. for the two subcarrier case, the subcar - rier frequencies are 423.75khz and 484.28khz. the data_rate_flag bit in the request data frame specifies the response frame data rate. low data rate is approximately 6,600bps, and high data rate is approximately 26,500bps. the data rate varies slightly depending on the use of one or two subcarriers. the lsb is transmitted first. in the single subcarrier high data rate case, one bit is transmitted in 37.76s. for a logic 0, the transponder modulates for 16 cycles then does not modulate for 16 cycles, which is repeated 8 times. this is followed by 256 cycles of no modulation. for a logic 1, the transponder does not modulate for 256 cycles. it then modulates for 16 cycles then does not modulate for 16 cycles, which is repeated 8 times. an sof or eof is transmitted in approximately 151s. for an sof, the transponder does not modulate for 768 cycles. it then modulates for 16 cycles then does not modulate for 16 cycles, which is repeated 24 times. this is followed by a logic 1. for an eof, the transponder sends a logic 0. it then modulates for 16 cycles then does not modulate for 16 cycles, which is repeated 24 times. this is followed by no modulation for 768 cycles. see figure 16 and figure 18 for more details. for low data rate, multiply all cycle counts and times by 4. in the two subcarrier low data rate case, one bit is transmit - ted in 37.46s. for a logic 0, the transponder modulates for 16 cycles then does not modulate for 16 cycles, which is repeated 8 times. next, the transponder modulates for 14 cycles then does not modulate for 14 cycles, which is repeated 9 times. for a logic 1, the transponder modu - lates for 14 cycles then does not modulate for 14 cycles, which is repeated 9 times. next, the transponder modu - lates for 16 cycles then does not modulate for 16 cycles, which is repeated 8 times. an sof or eof is transmitted in approximately 149.8s. for an sof, the transponder modulates for 14 cycles then does not modulate for 14 cycles, which is repeated 27 times. next, the transponder modulates for 16 cycles then does not modulate for 16 cycles, which is repeated 24 times. this is followed by a logic 1. for an eof, the transponder sends a logic 0. it then modulates for 16 cycles then does not modulate for 16 cycles, which is repeated 24 times. next, the transpon - der modulates for 14 cycles then does not modulate for 14 cycles, which is repeated 27 times. see figure 17 and figure 19 for more details. for low data rate, multiply all cycle counts and times by 4. figure 16. transponder to reader coding, single subcarrier bit coding (high data-rate timing) transmitting a zero transmitting a one 423.75khz, ~ 18.88s ~ 18.88s ~ 37.76s ~ 18.88s 423.75khz, ~ 18.88s ~ 37.76s maxim integrated 15 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
figure 17. transponder to reader coding, two subcarriers bit coding (high data-rate timing) figure 18. transponder to reader sof, one subcarrier (high data rate) figure 19. transponder to reader sof, two subcarriers (high data rate) transmitting a zero transmitting a one 423.75khz, ~ 18.88s ~ 37.46s ~ 37.46s 484.28khz, ~ 18.58s 484.28khz, ~ 18.58s 423.75khz, ~ 18.88s 423.75khz 423.75khz ~ 56.64s ~ 56.64s ~ 37.76s 484.28khz 484.28khz 423.75khz 423.75khz ~ 55.75s ~ 56.64s ~ 37.46s maxim integrated 16 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
iso 15693 transponder states and state transitions iso 15693 defines four transponder states and three address modes. the states are power-off, ready, quiet, and selected. the address modes are nonaddressed, addressed, and select. the addressed mode requires that the reader include the transponders uid in the request. figure 20 shows how the reset to ready, stay quiet, and select commands respond when changing the transpon - ders state. table 2 shows how other commands respond depending on address mode and the transponders state. note that stay quiet never generates a response. for full details, refer to iso 15693-2, section 7. power-off state this state applies if the transponder is outside the read - ers rf field. a transponder transitions to the power-off state when leaving the power-delivering rf field. when entering the rf field, the transponder automatically tran - sitions to the ready state. ready state in this state, a transponder has enough power to perform any of its functions. the purpose of the ready state is to have the transponder population ready to process the inventory command as well as other commands sent in the addressed or nonaddressed mode. a transponder can exit the ready state and transition to the quiet or the selected state upon receiving the stay quiet or select command sent in addressed mode. quiet state in this state, a transponder has enough power to perform any of its functions. the purpose of the quiet state is to silence transponders with which the reader does not want to communicate. only commands sent with the addressed mode are processed. this way the reader can use the nonaddressed mode for communication with remaining transponders in the ready state. a transponder can exit the quiet state and transition to the ready state upon receiving the reset to ready command in addressed or nonad - dressed mode. it can also transition to the selected state upon receiving select commands sent in addressed mode. selected state in this state, a transponder has enough power to perform any of its functions. the purpose of the selected state is to isolate the transponder with which the reader wants to communicate. commands are processed regardless of the address mode in which they are sent, including the inventory command. with multiple transponders in the rf field, the reader can put one transponder in the selected state, leaving all others in the ready state. for a transponder in the selected state, the reader can use the selected mode, which keeps the request data packets as short as with the nonaddressed mode. a new transponder entering the rf field will not disturb communication since it powers up in the ready state. a transponder can exit the selected state and transition to the ready state upon receiving the reset to ready command sent in nonad - dressed or addressed mode. it can also transition to the quiet state upon receiving the stay quiet command sent in the addressed mode. a transponder also transitions from selected to ready upon receiving a select command if the uid in the request is different from the transponders own uid. in this case, the readers intention is to transi - tion another transponder with the matching uid to the selected state. if the transponder already in the selected state does not recognize the command, e.g., due to a bit error, two transponders could be in the selected state. to prevent this from happening, the reader should use the reset to ready or the stay quiet command to transition a transponder out of the selected state. table 2. command response vs. transponder state and address mode combinations transponder states address modes nonaddressed mode (address_fag = 0; select_fag = 0) addressed mode (address_fag = 1; select_fag = 0) select mode (address_fag = 0; select_fag = 1) power-off (inactive) (inactive) (inactive) ready respond respond do not respond quiet do not respond respond do not respond selected respond respond respond maxim integrated 17 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
figure 20. iso 15693 state transition diagram power-off ready selected quiet in field note 1 note 3 out of field out of field reset to ready [s] out of field note 2 response legend: note 1: the transponder processes the inventory command, and processes other commands in nonaddressed mode or addressed mode with matching uid. note 2: the transponder does not process the inventory command, and processes other commands in addressed mode with matching uid. note 3: the transponder processes the inventory command, and processes other commands in nonaddressed mode, addressed mode with matching uid, or select mode. response to reset to ready stay quiet [a], matching uid select [a], nonmatching uid response to select no response stay quiet [a], matching uid select [a], matching uid select [a], matching uid address mode legend: [n] nonaddressed mode [a] addressed mode [s] select mode reset to ready [n,a], matching uid maxim integrated 18 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
wait times iso 15693 defines several standard wait times. for full details, refer to iso 15693-2, section 9. the wait time from request frame eof to response frame sof is t 1 . t 1 min is 318.6s (4320 cycles), t 1 nom is 320.9s (4352 cycles), and t 1 max is 323.3s (4384 cycles). commands that perform mac calculations or write memory will extend t 1 by a command specific combi - nation of t rfaip , t csha , and t prog . if a 100% modulation pulse is detected during t 1 , the transponder must restart its t 1 counter. the 10% modulation ignore time after a request frame eof is received is t mit . t mit min is 323.3s (4384 cycles) + t nrt , where t nrt is the nominal response frame length. the wait time between a response frame and a subse - quent request frame is t 2 . t 2 min is 309.2s (4192 cycles). the wait time between slot eofs in an inventory com - mand where nb_slots_flag is t 3 . for 100% modulation, t 3min is 323.3s (4384 cycles) + t sof , where t sof is the time requires to transmit a request frame sof. for 10% modulation, t 3 min is 323.3s (4384 cycles) + t nrt + t 2min , where t nrt is the nominal response frame length. network function commands the iso 15693 standard defines four network function commands: inventory, stay quiet, select, and reset to ready. their purpose is to identify the uids of all tran - sponders in the field (to inventory) and to manage access to these transponders. figure 20 shows how the network function commands are used to transition a transponder from one state to another. network function command errors various error conditions can occur. if an error occurs, and the request is sent in addressed mode with matching uid or in select mode with the transponder in the selected state, the transponder will transmit an error response. in any other mode/state combination, an error will result in no response. in case of an error response, the response begins with response flags of 01h, followed by a single- byte error code. table 5 shows a matrix of commands, errors, and error codes. table 5. network function command error code matrix error explanation invalid request packet option flag set error code 02h 03h failing command reset to ready select maxim integrated 19 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
detailed command descriptions inventory this command allows the reader to learn the uids and dsfids of all transponders in its rf field in an iterative process. the afi_flag determines if the afi byte must be included in the request frame. the afi byte is compared to the transponders afi. the parameter byte determines the length of the mask. the lsb of the mask aligns with the lsb of the transponders uid. the mask is compared to the transponders uid. the nb_slots_flag determines if a slot counter is concantenated with the mask for com - parison to the transponders uid. the slot counter starts at 0000b after the inventory request frame is transmitted, and increments during the course of the inventory com - mand with every subsequent eof sent by the reader. the afi byte (if used) must match the transponders afi or be 00h, and the mask concatenated with the slot counter (if used) must match the transponders uid for a response to be generated. this allows the reader to select transpon - ders to respond to the inventory command. the process - ing of an inventory command ends if the transponder receives an sof of a new request frame. if a transponder meets all conditions to respond, it trans - mits a response frame. if multiple transponders meet the conditions, the response frames collide and may not be readable. the reader must eliminate the collision. to identify all transponders in the rf field, the reader could begin with a mask length of 0 and activate the slot counter (nb_slots_flag = 0). by using this method and going through all 16 slots, the reader has a chance to receive clean responses (i.e., the transponder is identified) as well as colliding responses. to prevent a transponder that has been identified from further partici - pating in the collision management sequence, the reader transitions it to the quiet state. next, the reader issues another inventory command where the slot number that previously generated a collision is now used as a 4-bit mask, and runs again through all 16 slots. if a collision is found, another inventory command is issued, this time with a mask that is extended at the higher bits by the slot counter value that produced the collision. this process is repeated until all transponders are identified. for a full description of the inventory command processing by the transponder and the timing specifications, refer to iso 15693 part 3, sections 8 to 9. inventory command code 01h parameter byte mask length (table 6) conditions, restrictions the command is ignored unless the transponder is in the ready or selected state. protocol variations ? nb_slot_fag = 0, afi_fag = 0, mask length = 0 ? nb_slot_fag = 0, afi_fag = 0, mask length 0 ? nb_slot_fag = 0, afi_fag = 1, mask length = 0 ? nb_slot_fag = 0, afi_fag = 1, mask length 0 ? nb_slot_fag = 1, afi_fag = 0, mask length = 0 ? nb_slot_fag = 1, afi_fag = 0, mask length 0 ? nb_slot_fag = 1, afi_fag = 1, mask length = 0 ? nb_slot_fag = 1, afi_fag = 1, mask length 0 other notes for the setting of the request fags (rqf), see table 4. the mask pattern is transmitted only if the mask length is 0. the afi is transmitted only if the afi_fag bit in the request fags is set to 1. error conditions (error response) an error will result in no response. t1 (request frame to response frame delay) 318.6s to 323.3s maxim integrated 20 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
bits [7:0]: mask length (mlen). these bits specify the length of the mask. the mask (mask) is transmitted only if mlen is 0. the maximum mask length is 60 (3ch, if nb_slots_flag = 0) or 64 (40h, if nb_slots_flag = 1). stay quiet this command addresses an individual transponder and transitions it to the quiet state. the transponder does not send a response. select this command addresses an individual transponder and transitions it to the selected state. the transponder transitioning to the selected state sends a response. if there was a transponder with a different uid in the selected state, then that transponder transitions to the ready state without sending a response. table 6. parameter byte bitmap bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 mlen stay quiet command code 02h parameter byte n/a conditions, restrictions to transition to the quiet state, the request must be sent in addressed mode with matching uid. protocol variations none other notes for the setting of the request fags (rqf), see table 3. error conditions (error response) an error will result in no response. t1 (request frame to response frame delay) none select command code 25h parameter byte n/a conditions, restrictions to transition to the selected state, the request must be sent in addressed mode with matching uid. protocol variations none other notes for the setting of the request fags (rqf), see table 3. error conditions (error response) ? request data format error (response error code = 02h) ? the option_fag is set (response error code = 03h) t1 (request frame to response frame delay) 318.6s to 323.3s maxim integrated 21 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
reset to ready this command addresses an individual transponder and transitions it to the ready state. the transponder transitioning to the ready state sends a response. reset to ready command code 26h parameter byte n/a conditions, restrictions to transition from the quiet state to the ready state, the request must be sent in nonaddressed mode or in addressed mode with matching uid. to transition from the selected state to the ready state, the request must be sent in select mode. protocol variations ? if the transponder is in the selected state, and the request is sent in addressed mode with nonmatching uid, the transponder transitions to the ready state, but will not respond. other notes for the setting of the request fags (rqf), see table 3. error conditions (error response) ? request data format error (response error code = 02h) ? the option_fag is set (response error code = 03h) t1 (request frame to response frame delay) 318.6s to 323.3s maxim integrated 22 MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
+ denotes a lead(pb)-free/rohs-compliant package. * future productcontact factory for availability. t = tape and reel. part temp range pin-package MAX66240isa+ -20c to +85 c 8 so MAX66240isa+t -20c to +85 c 8 so MAX66240itb+* -20c to +85 c 10 tdfn MAX66240itb+t* -20c to +85 c 10 tdfn (2.5k pcs) package type package code outline no. land pattern no. 8 so (150 mils) s8+2 21-0041 90-0096 10 tdfn (3mm x 4mm) maxim integrated 23 package information for the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages . note that a +, #, or - in the package code indicates rohs status only. package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of rohs status. ordering information MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom www.maximintegrated.com abridged data sheet
revision number revision date description pages changed 0 3/14 initial release ? 2014 maxim integrated products, inc. 24 revision history maxim integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim integrated product. no circuit patent licenses are implied. maxim integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifcations without notice at any time. the parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the electrical characteristics table are guaranteed. other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. maxim integrated and the maxim integrated logo are trademarks of maxim integrated products, inc. MAX66240 deepcover secure authenticator with iso 15693, sha-256, and 4kb user eeprom for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim integrateds website at www.maximintegrated.com. abridged data sheet

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